Personalized cancer vaccines are an exciting area of research that tailors immunotherapy to an individual’s unique tumor. Here are some notable approaches:
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1. Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs): TILs are immune cells extracted from a patient’s tumor. These cells are then expanded in the lab and infused back into the patient. TIL therapy has shown promise in melanoma and other solid tumors.
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2. Dendritic Cell (DC) Vaccines: DCs are antigen-presenting cells that play a crucial role in activating the immune response. In DC vaccines, patient-specific DCs are loaded with tumor antigens (such as neoantigens) and injected back into the patient. This approach aims to enhance the immune system’s ability to recognize and attack cancer cells.
3. Neoantigen-Based Vaccines: Scientists identify neoantigens by sequencing a patient’s tumor genome. These neoantigens are then used to create a vaccine that trains the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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4. Peptide-Based Vaccines: These vaccines contain short protein fragments (peptides) derived from tumor-specific antigens. They stimulate an immune response against cancer cells.
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5. Whole Tumor Cell Vaccines: These vaccines use whole tumor cells or lysates to trigger an immune response. However, they are less personalized than neoantigen-based approaches.
While personalized cancer vaccines hold promise, larger-scale studies are needed to confirm their efficacy and bring them to wider clinical use. Shansons PreciX strive to explore innovative ways to harness the immune system in the fight against cancer.